Carnivores are at risk of injury or death from natural activities (e.g., predation, terrain) as well as from human encounters. While humans kill carnivores in response to real or perceived threats to human life, livelihoods, or property, not all encounters are fatal, and sublethal injuries can occur. However, little is known about the influence of injuries on the behaviour of large carnivores. Sublethal injuries could inhibit the ability of predators to hunt wild prey, potentially increasing use of areas inhabited by humans and human-wildlife conflict (e.g., pet and livestock depredation). We investigated changes in predation, space use, and resource selection before and after sublethal injuries (to the leg and mouth) sustained by 2 female mountain lions (Puma concolor) in California’s San Francisco North Bay, USA. Injured mountain lions exhibited decreased black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) kill rates and increased kill rates of domestic animals. Together, these 2 mountain lions were involved in over 4 times as many domestic animal conflict events following injury, relative to pre-injury monitoring periods. The female with the mouth injury expanded her home range and increased use of developed areas, while the individual with injuries to her foreleg maintained a smaller home range and did not alter use of developed areas following injury. Our work is a first step towards understanding changes in behaviour by mountain lions following sublethal injuries. Our research illustrates that attempts to kill carnivores to reduce depredation of domestic animals can have unintended and counterintuitive consequences, including increased risk to pets, livestock, and humans.